As we age, most people will develop lower eyelid prominences otherwise known as lower eyelid bags. In addition to the excess skin that develops, a big part of these bags is caused by fat coming out from underneath the eye. In plastic surgery, we call this 'herniated orbital fat' which has always been believed to be caused by the weakening of the tissue that runs between the eyelid and the underlying rim of orbital bone. (known as the orbital septum) Much like a hernia, this support tissue becomes weak and allows some of the fat which wraps around the eyeball to come protruding out. As a result, lower eyelid surgery (lower blepharoplasty) has traditionally involved removing this overhanging fat as well as the extra skin to make this area look better and smoother.

A recent study published in the September 2008 issue of the journal, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, looked at the progressive development of these lower eyelid fat prominences to try and explain why we see with age. Their objective was to evalute more closely the long-held belief of a fat hernia under the eye. Through MRI studies of forty patients of different ages, measurements were taken of the eye, fat and surrounding bone. What they found was that the eyeball stayed in the same position throughout life but the amount of fat around the bottom part of the eye actually increased as we age. These measurements suggest that as we age there is actual fat expansion below the eye that accounts for the development of the lower eye bags.

Recent thoughts on aging lower eyelid (blepharoplasy) procedures have leaned toward doing more of a hernia repair rather than relying on traditional excision for management of the lower eyelid bags. These study findings, however, indicate that the removal of lower eyelid fat is still a good thing to do and is an important component of lower eyelid procedures for many aging patients. There is always the concern that removing this fat may make the eye look 'too hollow' over time. But this is not something that I have observed nor do I see it reported in the plastic surgery literature.

Lower eyelid (blepharoplasty) surgery is done through a small incision underneath the eyelash line and extended a little bit out from the corner of the eye. The skin and muscle and lifted up, fat removed, and the extra skin trimmed and put back in place. Eyelid surgery has very little discomfort but the swelling and bruising do make for a social recovery of 7 to 10 days.

Dr Barry Eppley is a board-certified plastic surgeon in private practice in Indianapolis, Indiana at Clarian Health Systems. (http://www.eppleyplasticsurgery.com) He writes a daily blog on plastic surgery, spa therapies, and medical skin care at http://www.exploreplasticsurgery.com